|
Chapter 8
|
Page
|
The
Continental Tradition
|
|
|
149
|
Sickness-unto-death
(Kierkegaard)
|
|
|
151
|
Slave
morality (Nietzsche)
|
|
|
155
|
The absurd
|
|
|
157
|
Existence
precedes essence (Sartre)
|
|
|
157
|
Being-in-itself
|
|
|
157
|
Being-for-itself
|
|
|
159
|
Bad faith
|
|
|
161
|
Phenomenological
reduction (Husserl)
|
|
|
161
|
Phenomena
(penny-as-experience)
|
|
|
164
|
Everydayness
(Heidegger)
|
|
|
|
Chatter
|
|
|
|
Gelassenheit
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chapter 9
|
Page
|
The
Pragmatic and Analytic Traditions
|
|
|
174
|
Pragmatism
|
|
|
176
|
Instrumentalism
(Dewey)
|
|
|
177
|
Analysis
(Russell)
|
|
|
184
|
Logical
atomism
|
|
|
192
|
Language
game (Wittgenstein)
|
|
|
189
|
Foundationalism
|
|
|
190
|
Realism
|
|
|
190
|
Representationalism
|
|
|
193
|
Dualism
(mind is non-physical)
|
|
|
194
|
Behaviorism
|
|
|
197
|
Identity
theory
|
|
|
197
|
Functionalism
|
|
|
|
Intentionality
(thoughts have direction and move one to action)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chapter 10
|
Page
|
Moral
Philosophy
|
|
|
212
|
Relativism
(descriptive, ethical, cultural)
|
|
|
212
|
Subjectivism
|
|
|
216
|
Plato’s
idea of being governed by reason
|
|
|
220
|
Ethical
naturalism (Aristotle)
|
|
|
220
|
Virtue
(the exercise of our unique and distinctive capacity to
reason) Intrinsic and instrumental end
|
|
|
|
Golden
mean
|
|
|
223
|
Epicureanism
|
|
|
224
|
Stoicism
|
|
|
224
|
Natural
law (Stoics)
|
|
|
238
|
Categorical
imperative (Kant)
|
|
|
239
|
Second
formulation of the categorical imperative
|
|
|
213
|
Hedonism
|
|
|
212
|
Prescriptive
and descriptive egoism
|
|
|
243
|
Act and
rule utilitarianisms
|
|
|
|
General
happiness
|
|
|
|
Calculus
of pleasure
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chapter 11
|
Page
|
Political
Philosophy
|
|
|
267
|
The
organic state (Plato)
|
|
|
268
|
Monarchy/tyranny
(Aristotle)
|
|
|
|
Aristocracy/oligarchy
|
|
|
272
|
Social
contract (Hobbes)
|
|
|
272
|
Justice
and injustice
|
|
|
|
Egalitarianism
|
|
|
276
|
Natural
right (Locke)
|
|
|
278
|
Separation
of powers (Locke)
|
|
|
280
|
The
general will (Rousseau)
|
|
|
|
Tacit
consent and citizenship
|
|
|
|
Liberalism
(also consult p. 329 Twentieth-Century Isms
|
|
|
|
Capitalism
and Free market economy
|
|
|
291
|
Means of
production (Marx)
|
|
|
291
|
Productive
relations
|
|
|
291
|
Proletariat
|
|
|
291
|
Class
struggle
|
|
|
293
|
Alienation
|
|
|
295
|
Anarchism
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chapter 12
|
Page
|
Recent
Moral and Political Philosophy
|
|
|
311
|
Prima
facie
duties (W.D. Ross: things is our duty to do unless overriden
by some other duty)
|
|
|
312
|
Emotivism
|
|
|
313
|
Prescriptive
judgments (R.M. Hare)
|
|
|
|
Conservatism
|
|
|
|
Communism
|
|
|
|
Socialism
|
|
|
|
Capitalism
|
|
|
316
|
Veil of
ignorance (John Rawls)
|
|
|
|
Original
position
|
|
|
320
|
Nozick’s
minimal state
|
|
|
322
|
Communitarianism
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chapter
13
|
Page
|
Philosophy
of Religion
|
|
|
346
|
Cosmological
argument (Aquinas)
|
|
|
346
|
Arguments
from design
|
|
|
346
|
Teleological
argument
|
|
|
347
|
Mysticism
|
|
|
352
|
Principle
of sufficient reason (Leibniz)
|
|
|
356
|
Miracle
(Hume)
|
|
|
363
|
Leap of
faith (Kierkegaard)
|
|
|
364
|
Ubermensch
|
|
|
371
|
Pascal's
wager
|